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Goldman Sachs vs. Chinese Banks

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By Ann Lee
September 2009

Keywords: China, Goldman Sachs, banks and banking, finance industry, executive compensation, derivatives


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Ann LeeFinancial analysts who claim that China’s big banks will soon catch up with their Western counterparts in the league tables demonstrate a lack of understanding about what it takes to be a world-class player in this industry. Goldman, Sachs & Co. became a powerhouse by developing its culture, talent pool and infrastructure over the past century under the right mix of regulation and opportunity. For Chinese banks to reach the same competitive plane would likewise take decades, if they could manage it at all.

First and foremost among the issues Chinese banks face is compensation. Wall Street, with its extraordinarily large compensation packages, is able to lure the best talent in the U.S. A 23-year-old who can earn $3 million a year speculating in the markets has little incentive to go into other industries. In China the government owns large equity stakes in the banks, which it views not as profit centers but as tools to carry out certain mandates. As a result, these banks would be hardpressed to offer the type of compensation that would attract and retain the best talent.

A second obstacle is the wild card of government intervention, as seen in the Rio Tinto scandal. Potential clients may well conclude that doing business with purely private enterprises is a safer, smoother route.

A third stumbling block is the relative lack of financial sophistication in China. The country has no derivatives market and an extremely small bond market, does not allow shorting and has virtually no consumer credit outside of mortgages. Financial services in China look like those in the U.S. in the 1970s. Building an industry with the necessary risk management and intellectual capital to rival New York or London will take decades.

Last, the cultural gap between U.S. and Chinese financial firms is enormous. Goldman Sachs and other large Western firms originated as partnerships, an ownership structure that instills a culture of care and commitment in employees. Many Chinese banks, especially the largest ones, have evolved under state ownership. Their employees, therefore, do not feel the same loyalty as their counterparts at Western investment banks and have less incentive to be innovative and competitive.

If the Chinese government wants to build the country’s financial sector, it will have to liberalize the currency, establish consumer credit and allow much freer capital markets. It must permit more generous compensation packages to attract top talent from Western firms and among Chinese graduates, and it will have to reduce its involvement in the industry, giving employees a greater ownership stake in the firms. Doing all of this is a tall order, and after witnessing the credit crisis topple some Western firms, the Chinese are in no hurry to follow in their footsteps.

That said, now that large Western banks such as Goldman Sachs have become public companies, abandoning the partnership model together with other elements of the culture that made them successful, some argue that the playing field may begin to level. If so, Chinese banks may eventually be able to catch up and develop formidable franchises. To do this they must develop greater trust between management and employees, rewarding the latter for their efforts, giving them greater autonomy to take calculated risks to benefit the firm and encouraging them to believe that they belong to an exclusive club that deserves their loyalty.

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Comments (11)

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V Wowryk Oct 05, 2009

I honestly thought that Ms Lee's article was tongue & cheek. If her rationale is serious it would certainly serve to explain the mess the US finds itself in. Perhaps classifying a 23 year old who can earn $3million speculating as "the best talent" isn't such a good idea. Financial sophistication? Perhaps being labeled a country with no derivative market, an extremely small bond market (ie no debt), no shorts, and virtually no consumer credit - while not "sophisticated" may just be a nice, radical change for the US. And the "culture difference".. I'm not even going to comment..


Leomics Sep 21, 2009

Chinese banks will attract the best human capital available in China because the insentive does not need to be $ 3 M US per year. Just $ 100K will be sufficient to lure the best individuals as it is happening right now


HP Gassner Sep 18, 2009

Economic systems don't exist in a social (and hence political) vacuum. Just like there were different versions of communism for various countries, there were and are different versions of capitalism, each reflecting the different histories, cultural and social values of different peoples. I'm sure China will not want to copy, and in fact cannot and should not copy, the particular late 90ties style US capitalism epitomized by Goldman Sachs, and other investment banks, which is not only socially largely useless, but in fact very wasteful and destructive.


RL Sep 18, 2009

Surely Western banks have and advantage on western markets but not in China. Chinesse banks have an advatange in the fastest growing and someday biggest market. So yes, I doubt citizens in the west will prefer to do business with chinesse banks but I dont see them complaining about it.


Sibtain Sep 17, 2009

After all this crisis, who would actually like to follow a model of "Western Banks".


awakened Sep 12, 2009

"Goldman, Sachs & Co. became a powerhouse by developing its culture, talent pool and infrastructure over the past century under the right mix of regulation and opportunity." The "right mix of regulation and opportunity?!!! What planet is this writer living on??


gareth wong Sep 12, 2009

Some may argue that there is no right or wrong answers, western world has previously a 'proven model' but since credit crunch, we may have observed that the model might be broken in various ways. China is so unique that it might be a perfect ground to have a 'new banking/trading model' devised. may we live in interesting time. @GarethWong


Zstar Sep 11, 2009

World class in what? Rigging the financial world and bribing the government? Why should China open up to consumer credit? So they can run up their bills like Americans? I don't think this writer has taken any serious thought to what she wrote. Real wealth only comes from savings and productivity which is why the nation is growing rapidly and not in a huge debt hole like the United States and Britain.


Chris Sep 11, 2009

This sounds like a plan to turn China from being one of the biggest creditor nations into one of the biggest debtor nations. That would be great for the criminal investment bankers and bad for China. Just look at what the expansion of 'consumer credit' has done for the USA. The criminal investment bankers are all rich (thanks to Communistic government bailouts) and everyone else is deep in debt. All the easy credit has done in the USA is make everything way too expensive (housing, higher education, etc.). I hope China doesn't listen to the criminal investment banker who wrote this article and I hope the USA is able to take back itself from the financial oligarchy.


Ernesto Samper Sep 11, 2009

So do have the senior Goldmanites


lazzybum Sep 10, 2009

One thing the Chinese do have is blind loyalty. Besides, the most talented cadets may want to work for their government for pride, power and the prestige. Judging from the problem we have had during the past couple of years, I am not sure government intervantion is all that bad.